HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS which attack Lymphocyte (CD4),so can broke human body immunity system,so,can’t safe from diseases although not too serously diseases. HIV attack CD4’s cell and change it to be the place of development of new HIV,then broke it,so,can’t be used again. Lymphocyte very needed to human body immunity system. Without body immunity system,when our body is attacked by disease so our body doesn’t have protection. The impact is,we can die because ordinary influenza. This virus is passed from one person to another through blood-to-blood and sexual contact. In addition, infected pregnant women can pass HIV to their baby during pregnancy or delivery, as well as through breast-feeding. People with HIV have what is called HIV infection. Most of these people will develop AIDS as a result of their HIV infection.
HIV is different from another virus thath actively attacks someone and easily spreads through various media like influenza virus that easily spreads by ordinary physical contact or through the air. Infection of HIV is very specific, it is found in sexual liquid,mother milk,and blood. So its infection can be through syringe used by HIV sufferer,through blood transfusion,pregnant mother that HIV sufferer to her baby in her womb,also commonly through sexual relationship.
HIV is not infected through social contact,like shaking hand,talking,walking,and so on,because this virus will die after several hours lying outside the body. Therefore,we may not isolate the person who positively suffers HIV,on the contrary,we should even strengthen his/her mental because not all HIV sufferers are person whose moral.
AIDS (Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome)
AIDS (Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome) is caused by development of HIV in our body. There has not been effective cure for AIDS found as yet so it often ends up with death. HIV need a lot of time to cause AIDS syndrome which can kill us and very dangerous. AIDS is caused by lost of body immunity system while AIDS is a condition where HIV has destroyed the body immunity system of someone for a long period,because a lot of CD4’s cell are broken by HIV. Commonly AIDS will appear after HIV attack the body immunity system for more than 5-10 years. The HIV sufferer can’t protect us from infection,so,HIV sufferer usually suffer pneumonia ,TBC,and cancer. That diseases called oportunistic. Usually,the HIV sufferer die because oportunistic’s diseases and not merely HIV.
The caused of HIV-AIDS
The caused and infection of HIV-AIDS are:
1. Doing sexual intercauses
2. Through non sterile syringes
3. Blood transfusion
4. Use drugs
5. From mother to her baby in the womb,and through mother milk
More Cause:
AIDS is the worst form for the consequences of HIV infection. HIV is a retrovirus that usually attacks the vital organs of the human immune system, such as CD4 + T cells (a type of T cells), makrofaga, and dendritic cells. HIV damages the CD4+ T cells directly and indirectly, whereas CD4+ T cells required for the immune system to function properly. If HIV killed CD4+ T cells to the number shrank to less than 200 per microliter of blood, then the immunity at the cellular level will be lost, and consequently the condition is called AIDS. Acute HIV infection will progress to clinically latent infection, and early symptoms of HIV infection and ultimately AIDS; are identified by examining the number of CD4+ T cells in the blood and the presence of certain infections.
Without antiretroviral therapy, the average duration of progression of HIV infection to AIDS is nine to ten years, and the average survival time after AIDS is only about 9.2 months. However, the rate of progression of the disease in each person varies widely, from two weeks to 20 years. Many factors influence it, such is the strength of the body to defend against HIV (such as immune function) than those who terinfeksi.Orang parents generally have a weaker immunity than younger people, so more at risk of rapid disease progression. Less access to health care and the presence of other infections such as tuberculosis, can also accelerate the development of this disease. Genetic heritage of an infected person also plays an important role. Some people are naturally resistant to some HIV variants. HIV has several genetic variation and a variety of different forms, which will lead to clinical disease progression is different too. Highly active antiretroviral therapy will be able to extend the average time berkembangannya AIDS, as well as the ability of the average time patients survive.
AIDS is the worst form for the consequences of HIV infection. HIV is a retrovirus that usually attacks the vital organs of the human immune system, such as CD4 + T cells (a type of T cells), makrofaga, and dendritic cells. HIV damages the CD4+ T cells directly and indirectly, whereas CD4+ T cells required for the immune system to function properly. If HIV killed CD4+ T cells to the number shrank to less than 200 per microliter of blood, then the immunity at the cellular level will be lost, and consequently the condition is called AIDS. Acute HIV infection will progress to clinically latent infection, and early symptoms of HIV infection and ultimately AIDS; are identified by examining the number of CD4+ T cells in the blood and the presence of certain infections.
Without antiretroviral therapy, the average duration of progression of HIV infection to AIDS is nine to ten years, and the average survival time after AIDS is only about 9.2 months. However, the rate of progression of the disease in each person varies widely, from two weeks to 20 years. Many factors influence it, such is the strength of the body to defend against HIV (such as immune function) than those who terinfeksi.Orang parents generally have a weaker immunity than younger people, so more at risk of rapid disease progression. Less access to health care and the presence of other infections such as tuberculosis, can also accelerate the development of this disease. Genetic heritage of an infected person also plays an important role. Some people are naturally resistant to some HIV variants. HIV has several genetic variation and a variety of different forms, which will lead to clinical disease progression is different too. Highly active antiretroviral therapy will be able to extend the average time berkembangannya AIDS, as well as the ability of the average time patients survive.
Sexual Transmission
Transmission (transmission) of HIV is sexually occurs when there is contact between the vaginal secretions or fluids preseminal someone with the rectum, genitals, or mucous membranes of the mouth of her partner. Unprotected receptive sexual intercourse is more risky than unprotected insertive sexual intercourse, anal intercourse and the risk is greater than usual risk of sexual intercourse and oral sex. Oral sex does not mean no risk because HIV can enter through both insertive and receptive oral sex. Sexual violence in general increase the risk of HIV transmission is not generally used as a protective and often physical trauma to the vaginal cavity which facilitate HIV transmission.
Sexually transmitted diseases increase the risk of HIV transmission because it can cause the disruption of normal epithelial tissue as a result of genital ulcers, and also because of the accumulation of HIV-infected cells (lymphocytes and makrofaga) in semen and vaginal secretions. Epidemiological studies from Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and North America indicate that there are approximately four times greater risk of becoming infected with HIV as a result of such genital ulcers caused by syphilis and / or chancroid. Risk is also increased significantly, although much smaller, by the presence of sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea, chlamydia infection, and trichomoniasis which cause local accumulations of lymphocytes and makrofaga.
Transmission of HIV depends on the infectiousness of people with and susceptibility of the uninfected partner. Ease of transmission varies at different stages of illness and is not constant between individuals. Plasma viral load that can not be detected does not necessarily mean that the low viral load in semen or genital secretions. Every 10 times increase in the number of HIV RNA blood plasma is comparable with 81% increase in the rate of HIV transmission. Women are more susceptible to HIV-1 infection due to hormonal changes, vaginal microbial ecology and physiology, and greater vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases. [38] [39] People who are infected with HIV can still be infected with another type of virus is more deadly.
Transmission (transmission) of HIV is sexually occurs when there is contact between the vaginal secretions or fluids preseminal someone with the rectum, genitals, or mucous membranes of the mouth of her partner. Unprotected receptive sexual intercourse is more risky than unprotected insertive sexual intercourse, anal intercourse and the risk is greater than usual risk of sexual intercourse and oral sex. Oral sex does not mean no risk because HIV can enter through both insertive and receptive oral sex. Sexual violence in general increase the risk of HIV transmission is not generally used as a protective and often physical trauma to the vaginal cavity which facilitate HIV transmission.
Sexually transmitted diseases increase the risk of HIV transmission because it can cause the disruption of normal epithelial tissue as a result of genital ulcers, and also because of the accumulation of HIV-infected cells (lymphocytes and makrofaga) in semen and vaginal secretions. Epidemiological studies from Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and North America indicate that there are approximately four times greater risk of becoming infected with HIV as a result of such genital ulcers caused by syphilis and / or chancroid. Risk is also increased significantly, although much smaller, by the presence of sexually transmitted diseases like gonorrhea, chlamydia infection, and trichomoniasis which cause local accumulations of lymphocytes and makrofaga.
Transmission of HIV depends on the infectiousness of people with and susceptibility of the uninfected partner. Ease of transmission varies at different stages of illness and is not constant between individuals. Plasma viral load that can not be detected does not necessarily mean that the low viral load in semen or genital secretions. Every 10 times increase in the number of HIV RNA blood plasma is comparable with 81% increase in the rate of HIV transmission. Women are more susceptible to HIV-1 infection due to hormonal changes, vaginal microbial ecology and physiology, and greater vulnerability to sexually transmitted diseases. [38] [39] People who are infected with HIV can still be infected with another type of virus is more deadly.
Meanwhile signs and symptoms that appear if someone seffers AIDS are as follows:
- Body immunity decreases
- Lymphocyte decreases
- Body weight decreases
- Body is weak continously without cause
- Hot and cold fever like flu disease
- Releases a lot of sweat at night
- Has a headache continously
- Lymphatetic gland is swollen for more than 3 months
- Dry cough
- Outh of breath
- Chronic diarrheae
The AIDS phase:
1st phase(1-6 months) :Just low symptoms,like flu that can recovered.
2ndphase(2-10 years) :The sufferer not yet sick,but jus low symptoms like flu,but can be spread to be other person.
3rephase :Start to appear first symptoms like excessive sweating at the night, diarrheae continously,appetite decrease,flu isn’t recovered,swollen gland and the body easy to fatigue.
4thphase :Entry to AIDS phase dan body immunity system very decrease,numbers of T-cell in the sufferer’s body. In this phase,the opotunistic diseases like TBC,brain infection,etc.
Steps to prevent AIDS infection:
- Not doing sexual intercauses,expecially with sufferer
- Don’t use drugs with wrong usage.
- Keep clean in the syringes
- Prevent the person that can be HIV sufferer
Until now,AIDS has no medicine so commonly the sufferer end in death,but the development of HIV can be block with give the sufferer ARV(Anti Retro Variel) until the sufferer death. Therefore,the prevention is important to do . The prevention of this is emphasized onmoral behaviour of social behaviour. The tendency to be infected by this disease for a person with high religious obedience is very little. On the contratry,in sexual worker women,the possibility to be infected is very high.
Besides,the prevention of AIDS involves parties such as policy makers,religion leaders,experts in various related sciences,biologists,parents,teachers,and teachers association to give explanation to common society about this disease. But,the individuals have more important role in the prevention of AIDS disease infection. If you don’t want to be infected,then don’t ever change sexual relationship with AIDS sufferer,then directly you will be infected.
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