STAND UP COMEDY

Dalam sejarahnya, Stand Up Comedy sendiri telah ada di abad ke 18 di Eropa dan Amerika. Disana pelaku komedian ini biasa disebut dengan "stand up comic" atau secara singkat disebut dengan "comic". Para comic ini biasanya memberikan beragam cerita humor, lelucon pendek atau kritik-kritik berupa sindiran terhadap sesuatu hal yang sifatnya cenderung umum dengan berbagai macam sajian gerakan dan gaya. Dalam Stand Up Comedy, seorang comic seharusnya memiliki konsep atau materi sebagai bahan lelucon. Dan tak mustahil jika terdapat lelucon yang berbau cabul, rasis dan vulgar di Stand Up Comedy .Mereka biasanya membuat script dan catatan-catatan kecil dalam rangka untuk mempermudah mereka dalam berkomedi. Diluar negeri ada banyak comic terkenal, misalnya, adalah Jerry Seinfield, Eddie Izzard, Akmal Saleh, Daniel Tosh, dll. Anda juga mungkin tahu Hollywood aktor terkenal seperti Woody Allen, Rowan Atkinson, Chris Rock, Will Ferrell dan Jim Carrey yang pernah bergelut di bidang ini. Rata-rata dari mereka, bintang Hollywood mengawali karirnya surut pertama di dunia Stand Up Comedy sebelum dikenal seperti sekarang ini.

Stand Up Comedy Indonesia

Di Indonesia sendiri, Stand Up Comedy sebenarnya sudah ada sejak dahulu kala. Nama-nama beken seperti (alm) Taufik Savalas, Butet Kertaradjasa dan Ramon P. Tommybens telah lama ada di Stand Up Comedy di Indonesia. Dan dari perkembangan terakhir, muncul nama nama baru lagi seperti Iwel, Pandji Pragiwaksono, Asep Suadji serta Raditya Dika. Dulu Stand Up Comedy kurang mendapat respon yang dari masyarakat, mungkin pada saat itu masyarakat cenderung lebih suka akan "physical comedy" ketimbang Stand Up Comedy . Namun sekarang Stand Up Comedy hadir kembali untuk memberi alternative hiburan di tengah semaraknya hiburan komedi yang kelihatannya hanya "begitu - begitu saja". Semoga "komedi berdiri" ini akan selalu mendapatkan tempat dalam hati para penikmat tawa di Indonesia.

Stand up comedy tradisional

Secara tradisi sebenarnya masyarakat Indonesia sudah mengenal Stand Up Comedy. Hanya saja mungkin dalam kemasan yang sedikit berbeda. Beberapa diantaranya adalah:

Dagelan Mataram misalnya, biasanya memulai acara dengan memunculkan seorang pelawak yang bermonolog; sebut saja misalnya Basiyo; setelah ger-geran antara lima hingga sepuluh menit, barulah format kelompok beraksi.

Pertunjukan ketoprak. Di pertunjukan ketoprak, khusunya pada segmen dagelan, seorang pelawak biasanya membuka komunikasi beberapa saat dengan penonton kemudian disusul interaksi dengan pelawak atau pemain lain.

Kesenian Ludruk. di pertunjukan ludruk; sesi Jula-juli, menampilkan pelawak tunggal yang selain menyanyikan lagu Jula-juli dengan syair-syair kocak yang terus-menerus diperbarui, juga bermonolog sambil menyelipkan bahan-bahan lucu di antara celetukan-celetukan ringannya.

Wayang. Meski wayang isinya tidak seratus persen mengenai komedi. Namun saat punakawan muncul, ki dalang selalu menampilkan sisi komedi. Ki dalang pada saat itu hampir bisa dikatakan berperan sebagaimana layaknya seorang comic.

Stand up comedy on televisi

Saat ini ada dua stasium tv yang secara rutin menyelenggarakan acara stand up comedy. Kompas tv menjadi pioneer dalam menyelenggarakan acara ini dengan acara yang bertajuk stand up comedy indonesia. Kemudian disusul oleh metro tv dengan acara Stand Up Comedy Show. 

Comics in Indonesia

1. Raditya Dika @radityadika

Siapa Tak kenal bang dika ..Seorang Blogger , Writter dan Comedian yang sudah sangat terkenal se indonesia . Bahkan negeri tetangga , mempunyai follower jutaan. buku selalu best seller dan sedikit alay .Namun itu semualah yang disenangi orang indonesia . @Apaaza_boleh

2.PandjPragiwaksono @pandji 

Seorang blogger , writter , singer , dan comedian ini sudah sangat dikenal di indonesia.Bagi yang pernah menonton Kena Deh , Pasti tahu sosok pemuda ini.Dan Dia juga pernah membintangi sebuah acara metro tv bertema pro active .Namun , Pendapatnya mengenai melegalkan ganja sempat menimbulkan pro dan kontra .Tapi itu tak terlalu dipermasalahkan oleh orang banyak. @Apaaza_boleh

3.Soleh Solihun @solehsolihun 

tujuh tahun jadi wartawan, sekarang jadi penyiar INDIKA9160FM juga penulis buku, MC, dan stand up comedian .Itulah sedikit info dari bang soleh solihun .Sering tampil dimana-mana , bahkan acara kaskus :O .. @Apaaza_boleh

4.Abdel Achrian @abdelachrian 

Jika Saya Menyebut Abdel Mama Dedeh atau Abdel temannya temon ..Pasti sudah pada tahu kan ? Yap , penyiar radio dan comedian ini berhasil memikat masyarakat indonesia dengan bahan-bahan Stand Up Comedy nya yang lucu. @Apaaza_boleh

5.mongol  ‏@mongol_stress

Pakar KW matika ini tak usah ditanya lagi .Dia Sudah pasti terkenal dengan lawakannya yang bertemakan KW alias B*nci . Namun gayanya juga sama kasa begonoan ....haha , ampun bang mongol @Apaaza_boleh

6.Muhadkly Acho @muhadkly

Seorang Pria Asal Tanjung Priok , hati-hati...Berbadan tidak terlalu tinggi namun mempunyai banyak penggemar  @Apaaza_boleh

7.Sammy (Sam D. Putra) @notaslimboy  

Seorang Comedian yg berbadan besar dan Pernah bermain film "Republik Twitter" walaupun hanya sebentar .Mempunyai banyak penggemar di twitter dan dia sudah sangat terkenal di kalangan stand up comedian  @Apaaza_boleh

Sebenernya sih masih banyak yang terkenal seperti cak lontong , temon , adjis doa ibu , ernest prakasa, kelompok Warkop DKI, Butet Kertarajasa, Pepeng, kemudian ada juga Kang Ibing dan tentunya Almarhum Taufik Savalas.

Sumber:
1. http://sibukforever.blogspot.com/2012/07/7-stand-up-comedian-terpopuler-di.html
2. http://www.squidoo.com/Stand-Up-Comedy-Indonesia-Jinggaberseri

TOEFL

The Test Of English as a Foreign Language or TOEFL /ˈtoʊfəl/TOH-fəl is a test of an individual's ability to use and understand English in an academic setting designed and administered by Educational Testing Service. It was developed to address the problem on ensuring English language proficiency for non-native speakers wishing to study at American universities. It has become an admission requirement for non-native English speakers at many English-speaking colleges and universities. Additionally, institutions such as government agencies, licensing bodies, businesses, or scholarship programs may require this test. A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then will no longer be officially reported.

History

In 1962, a national council made up of representatives of thirty government and private organizations was formed to address the problem on ensuring English language proficiency for non-native speakers wishing to study at American universities. This council recommended the development and administration of the TOEFL exam for the 1963-1964 time frame.

The test was originally developed at the Center for Applied Linguistics under the direction of Stanford University applied linguistics professor Dr. Charles A. Ferguson.

The TOEFL was first administered in 1964 by the Modern Language Association financed by grants from the Ford Foundation and Danforth Foundation.

In 1965, The College Board and ETS jointly assumed responsibility for the continuation of the TOEFL testing program.

In 1973, a cooperative arrangement was made between ETS, The College Board, and the Graduate Record Examinations board of advisers to oversee and run the program. ETS was to administer the exam with the guidance of the TOEFL board.

Formats and contents

Internet-based Test

Since its introduction in late 2005, the Internet-based Test (iBT) has progressively replaced both the computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-based tests (PBT), although paper-based testing is still used in select areas. The iBT has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly. The CBT was discontinued in September 2006 and these scores are no longer valid.

Although initially, the demand for test seats was higher than availability, and candidates had to wait for months, it is now possible to take the test within one to four weeks in most countries.^[4] The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring one of the basic language skills (while some tasks require integrating multiple skills) and all tasks focus on language used in an academic, higher-education environment. Note-taking is allowed during the iBT. The test cannot be taken more than once a week.

1. Reading

   The Reading section consists of 3–4 passages, each approximately 700 words in length and questions about the passages. The passages are on academic topics; they are the kind of material that might be found in an undergraduate university textbook. Passages require understanding of rhetorical functions such as cause-effect, compare-contrast and argumentation. Students answer questions about main ideas, details, inferences, essential information, sentence insertion, vocabulary, rhetorical purpose and overall ideas. New types of questions in the iBT require filling out tables or completing summaries. Prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct answer.

2. Listening

   The Listening section consists of six passages 3–5 minutes in length and questions about the passages. These passages include two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions. A conversation involves two speakers, a student and either a professor or a campus service provider. A lecture is a self-contained portion of an academic lecture, which may involve student participation and does not assume specialized background knowledge in the subject area. Each conversation and lecture stimulus is heard only once. Test-takers may take notes while they listen and they may refer to their notes when they answer the questions. Each conversation is associated with five questions and each lecture with six. The questions are meant to measure the ability to understand main ideas, important details, implications, relationships between ideas, organization of information, speaker purpose and speaker attitude.

3. Speaking

   The Speaking section consists of six tasks: two independent tasks and four integrated tasks. In the two independent tasks, test-takers answer opinion questions on familiar topics. They are evaluated on their ability to speak spontaneously and convey their ideas clearly and coherently. In two of the integrated tasks, test-takers read a short passage, listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and answer a question by combining appropriate information from the text and the talk. In the two remaining integrated tasks, test-takers listen to an academic course lecture or a conversation about campus life and then respond to a question about what they heard. In the integrated tasks, test-takers are evaluated on their ability to appropriately synthesize and effectively convey information from the reading and listening material. Test-takers may take notes as they read and listen and may use their notes to help prepare their responses. Test-takers are given a short preparation time before they have to begin speaking. The responses are digitally recorded, sent to ETS’s Online Scoring Network (OSN) and evaluated by three to six raters.

4. Writing

   The Writing section measures a test taker's ability to write in an academic setting and consists of two tasks: one integrated task and one independent task. In the integrated task, test-takers read a passage on an academic topic and then listen to a speaker discuss the same topic. The test-taker will then write a summary about the important points in the listening passage and explain how these relate to the key points of the reading passage. In the independent task, the test-taker must write an essay that states, explains, and supports their opinion on an issue, supporting their opinions or choices, rather than simply listing personal preferences or choices. Responses are sent to the ETS OSN and evaluated by four raters.

Task	Description	Approx. time
Reading	3–4 passages, each containing 12–14 questions	60–80 minutes
Listening	6–9 passages, each containing 5–6 questions	60–90 minutes
Break		10 minutes
Speaking	6 tasks	20 minutes
Writing	2 tasks	50 minutes

One of the sections of the test will include extra, uncounted material. Educational Testing Service includes extra material in order to pilot test questions for future test forms. When test-takers are given a longer section, they should give equal effort to all of the questions because they do not know which question will count and which will be considered extra. For example, if there are four reading passages instead of three, then three of those passages will count and one of the passages will not be counted. Any of the four passages could be the uncounted one.

Paper-based Test

The TOEFL® paper-based Test (PBT) is being phased out beginning in mid-2012. In some areas, the last administration was in May 2012. Check the TOEFL website for more information. Scores are valid for two years after the test date, and test takers can have their scores sent to institutions or agencies during that time.

1. Listening (30 – 40 minutes)

   The Listening section consists of 3 parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks.

2. Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes)

   The Structure and Written Expression section has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying errors.

3. Reading Comprehension (55 minutes)

   The Reading Comprehension section has 50 questions about reading passages.

4. Writing (30 minutes)

   The Writing section is one essay with 250–300 words in average.

Test scores

Internet-based Test

• The iBT version of the TOEFL test is scored on a scale of 0 to 120 points.
• Each of the four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) receives a scaled score from 0 to 30. The scaled scores from the four sections are added together to determine the total score.
• Each speaking question is initially given a score of 0 to 4, and each writing question is initially given a score of 0 to 5. These scores are converted to scaled scores of 0 to 30.

Paper-based Test

• The final PBT score ranges between 310 and 677 and is based on three subscores: Listening (31–68), Structure (31–68), and Reading (31–67). Unlike the CBT, the score of the Writing section (referred to as the Test of Written English, TWE) is not part of the final score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale of 0–6.
• The score test takers receive on the Listening, Structure and Reading parts of the TOEFL test is not the percentage of correct answers. The score is converted to take into account the fact that some tests are more difficult than others. The converted scores correct these differences. Therefore, the converted score is a more accurate reflection of the ability than the correct answer score is.

Accepted TOEFL Scores

Most colleges use TOEFL scores as only one factor in their admission process. Each college or program within a college often has a minimum TOEFL score required. The minimum TOEFL iBT scores range from 61 (Bowling Green State University) to 100 (MIT, Columbia, Harvard).A sampling of required TOEFL admissions scores shows that a total TOEFL iBT score of 74.2 for undergraduate admissions and 82.6 for graduate admissions may be required.

ETS has released tables to convert between iBT, CBT and PBT scores.

TOEFL ITP Tests

TOEFL ITP tests are paper-based and use academic content to evaluate the English-language proficiency of nonnative English speakers. The tests use new and previously administered TOEFL test questions and are used for placement, progress, evaluation, exit testing and other situations. Unlike the TOEFL iBT test, TOEFL ITP tests are administered by the institution and should not replace the need for the TOEFL iBT test. There are two levels: Level 1 (intermediate to advanced) and Level 2 (high beginning to intermediate).TOEFL ITP scores are mapped to the CEFR and test takers are provided with a certificate of achievement.

TOEFL Junior Tests

ETS also offers the TOEFL Junior tests, a general assessment of middle school-level English-language proficiency, and a distinct product within the TOEFL family. The TOEFL Junior is intended for students ages 11–14. The tests are administered in two formats — TOEFL Junior Standard (paper-based) and TOEFL Junior Comprehensive (administered via computer). The TOEFL Junior Standard test has three sections: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension and Language Form and Meaning. The TOEFL Junior Comprehensive test has four sections: Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Speaking and Writing. TOEFL Junior scores are mapped to the CEFR and test takers are provided with a certificate of achievement.

Linking TOEFL iBT Scores to IELTS Scores

IELTS Score	TOEFL Score
9	118-120
8.5	115-117
8	110-114
7.5	102-109
7	94-101
6.5	79-93
6	60-78
5.5	46-59
5	35-45
4.5	32-34
0-4	0-31

Golden Motivation

1)Apakah hutang yang ada pada diri anda itu banyak?
          -Mari kita memahami cerita yang satu ini:
             Pada suatu hari ada seorang pemuda datang kepada kyai.nya,ia lantas berkata,"Pak Kyai,saya mempunyai hutang kepada tetangga saya banyak sekali. Bagaimana cara saya membayarnya?". Lantas kyai.nya menjawab,"Emangnya hutang kamu seberapa besar?". Pemuda itu menjawab,"25 juta rupiah,Pak Kyai!". Pak Kyai menjawab,"25 juta itu kecil,kemarin lusa ada yang datang kepada saya menanyakan hal yang sama seperti kamu,bahkan hutangnya jauh lebih banyak,yaitu 1 miliar rupiah.". Pemuda itu pun berpamitan pulang.Lalu ketika orang yang mempunyai hutang 1 miliar rupiah itu datang kepada pak Kyai,pak Kyai menjawab lagi bahwa hutang orang itu tidak banyak,ada yang datang kepada pak Kyai seminggu yang lalu menceritakan tentang hutangnya yang sebesar 10 miliar rupiah.Lalu 1 bulan sejak bertemu dengan seorang pemuda yang menayakan tentang hutangnya yang sebesar 25 juta rupih,pak Kyai bertemu dengan orang yang mempunyai hutang sebesar 10 miliar itu di supermarket,pak Kyai menyapanya dan bertanya tentang hutang orang itu. Orang itu menjawab dengan santainya bahwa hutangnya sekarang hanya tinggal 1 juta rupiah. Pak Kyai terkejut,hutang sebesar 10 miliar itu dapar terbayarkan dalam kurung waktu kurang dar 1 bulan. Pak Kyai itu bertanya kepada orang itu bagaimana caranya ia dapat membayarkan hutangnya itu. Orang itu menjawab,"Ada  hal yang saya lakukan, yaitu beribadah,berdo'a, berbuat amal kebajikan seperti zakat dan shodaqoh dan lain-lain, dan terkahir yaitu bekusaha dengan bekerja sekuat tenaga.".

       KESIMPULAN: Kita tidak boleh bersedih hati pada apa yang ALLAH ujikan kepada kita,masih banyak orang di luar sana yang mengalami hal yang LEBIH parah dari kita,kita harus tetap SABAR,BERIBADAH,BERBUAT BAIK KEPADA SESAMA,DAN BERUSAHA SEKUAT TENAGA KITA. Dengan usaha yang meskipun kita anggap kurang,tapi apabila diimbangi dengan niat yang baik dan tulus,insya ALLAH akan dibalas dengan kebaikan yang berlipat-lipat ganda oleh yang Maha Penguasa,ALLAH. 

BBM

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BBM{BINCANG-BINCANG MALAM}

Auzan:Assalamualaikum Wr.Wb.

FATRA:Selamat malam para pemirsa di manapun anda berada.

                   Bertemu lagi dengan saya FATRA.

Auzan:Dan saya Auzan.

FATRA:Dalam acara BBM[Bincang-Bincang Malam].

                   Tema kita kali ini adalah “TaRa” Berita Hiburan.

Auzan:Dan perkenalkan bintang tamu atau narasumber kami

                   yang sedang naik daun,yaitu ada Dudeh Heli Gukgukguk

                    dan Andre Gaktaulagi.

FATRA:Selamat malam dan apa kabar mas Dudeh.

Dudeh:Selamat malam.Kabar saya sangat baik sekali,karena

                   kemarin saya telah membunuh sekumpulan musuh

                   bebuyutan saya.

Auzan:Memangnya siapa musuh bebuyutan anda?

Dudeh:Kecoak.

Auzan:Bagaimana kabar mas Andre?Kok mukanya pucat

                  seperti belakangnya panci yang menghitam/hagus.

Andre:Gimana tidak sedih,sahabat saya dari kecil telah meninggal  

                   kemarin.

FATRA:Sedih sekali mendengar berita pahit ini.Memangnya siapa

                  sahabat anda?

Andre:Anjing.

FATRA:?!@#$%?!@#$%^&*()

Auzan:Dengar-dengar mas Dudeh baru saja menyelesaikan

                   sinetron terbaru,dan kemarin baru saja memperoleh

                   penghargaan sebagai actor yang memainkan film

                   terbanyak dalam Piala Oooooooooooscar,memangnya

   film apa saja yang anda perankan?

Dudeh:Banyak sekali,ada Buaya berkalung giok,Mawar dan

                   Melati semuanya indah, dan masih banyak lagi.

Auzan:Film terbaru apakah yang anda mainkan saat ini?

Dudeh:Film yang berjudul The Dreamers dan Laskar Kemangi

FATRA:The Dreamers atau Sang Pemimpi?

Dudeh:Sang Pemimpikan Di Indonesia,kalau The Dreamers di

                   Amerika Serikat,dan salah satu pemainnya adalah

                   Presiden yang ke-44 yaitu Barrack Obatmaag.

FATRA:Apakah anda sebagai pemain utama atau apa?

Dudeh:Tentu saja pastinya semua orang sudah tahu bahwa saya

                    sebagai pemain figuran.

Auzan:Sekarang mas Andre,dengar anda kemarin baru saja

                   dikeluarkan dari band anda karena mengedarkan MiRas.

                   Memangnya kenapa?

Andre:Karena saya ingin berbuat sosial.

Auzan:Bukannya menjual MiRas itu bersoda,maaf maksudnya

    berdosa?

Andre:MiRas yang dimaksud di sini bukan beer,melainkan es batu.

Auzan:Kalau boleh tahu,apakah mas Dudeh mengidolakan pelawak?

Dudeh:Tentu saja ia,dan itu adalah Mr.Bean.Dan film yang saya

                  senang darinya yaitu Avatar.                                           

FATRA:Mas Dudeh dengar-dengar actor senior yang melatih anda

                  baru saja meninggal,kalau boleh tahu kenapa,ya?

Dudeh:Saya kemarin bertanya  kepada dokter yang merawat beliau,

                    katanya beliau meninggal karena wajahnya ada dua macam.

                    Dan ini foto terakhir yang saya ambil kemarin!

FATRA:Mengerikan juga melihatnya.

Auzan:PemirsaTidak terasa sudah lebih dari 5 menit

            kami menemani anda.

FATRA:Dan sekarang saatnya kita berpisah.Dan seperti biasa kami

                  akan “suit” atau “toss” yang kalah akan membacakan pantun.

Auzan dan FATRA adu “suit” dan yang kalah adalah FATRA,berarti ia yang berpantun

FATRA:Okelah kalau begitu.

        

             Di taman ada Bu Asih

             Cukup sekian dan terima kasih.                                                                                                                                 

Auzan:Wassalamualaikum Wr.Wb.

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